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Stanford Humanities Center
Mellon Foundation
Graduate Research Workshop Program
Stanford Semantics and Pragmatics Workshop:
The Construction of Meaning
February 2, 2001
A semantic characterization of the NPs occurring in existential there contexts
3:30 PM, Room 460-126
I provide first a semantic characterization of just which DPs occur in
Existential There (ET) sentences. Extensionally the characterization
improves on some recent ones (Zucchi 1995, McNally 1997) in accounting
for the existence of ET sentences like
- There are fewer male than female students in the class
- There aren't more men than women in the class.
We show that the characterization is extensionally equivalent to (1)
an account proposed in Keenan (1987) and (2) one of the accounts in
Higginbotham (1987). Our characterization is semantic in that it is
given in terms of denotations of expressions rather than pragmatic,
given in terms of notions like common ground, context sets and
felicity conditions (Zucchi 1995).
Second, I provide a condition on the interpretation of ET sentences
which, I claim, explains the fact that the DPs natural in these
sentences are just those characterized. Finally I draw attention to
one generalization of ET contexts, namely Existential Have Sentences
such as John has two brothers in Moscow, which I feel is
insufficiently accounted for by my explanation.
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