2000-2010 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
LINGUIST 1. Introduction to Linguistics
The cognitive organization of linguistic structure and the social nature
of language use. Why language learning is difficult. Why computers have trouble
understanding human languages. How languages differ from one another. How and
why speakers of the same language speak differently. How language is used strategically.
GER:DB-SocSci
4 units, Aut (Potts, K), Spr (Fong, V)
LINGUIST 5N. What's Your Accent? Investigations in Acoustic
Phonetics
Stanford Introductory Seminar. Preference to freshmen. Phonetic
variation across accents of English; experimental design; practical experience
examining accents of seminar participants; acoustic analysis of speech using
Praat. GER:DB-SocSci
3 units, Aut (Sumner, M)
LINGUIST 65/265. African American Vernacular
English
(Graduate students register for 265.)
The English vernacular spoken by African Americans in big city settings,
and its relation to Creole English dialects spoken on the S. Carolina Sea Islands
(Gullah), in the Caribbean, and in W. Africa. The history of expressive uses of
African American English (in soundin' and rappin'), and its educational
implications. GER:DB-SocSci, EC-AmerCul
3-5 units, Win (Rickford, J)
LINGUIST 66/266. Vernacular English and Reading
(Graduate students register for 266.)
Discusses some of the literature on the relation between use of
vernacular English varieties (e.g. African American Vernacular English, Chicano
English) and the development of literacy (especially in Standard English). But
our primary focus is on improving the reading skills of African American and
Latino students in local schools through the Reading Road program
developed at the University of Pennsylvania.
Students must commit to tutoring one or more elementary students weekly, using
the program. L65 AAVE recommended, but not required.
4-5 units, Spr (Rickford, J)
LINGUIST 83N. Translation
Stanford Introductory Seminar. Preference to freshmen. What is a
translation? The increased need for translations in the modern world due to
factors such as tourism and terrorism, localization and globalization,
diplomacy and treaties, law and religion, and literature and science. How to
meet this need; different kinds of translation for different purposes; what
makes one translation better than another; why some texts are more difficult to
translate than others. Can some of this work be done by machines? Are there
things that cannot be said in some languages? GER:DB-SocSci
3 units, Aut (Kay, M)
LINGUIST 90. Teaching Spoken English
Practical approach to teaching English to non-native speakers. Teaching
principles and the features of English which present difficulties. Preparation
of lessons, practice teaching in class, and tutoring of non-native speaker.
3-4 units, Spr (Romeo, K)
LINGUIST 105/205A. Phonetics
(Graduate students register for 205A.)
The study of speech sounds: how to produce them, how to perceive them,
and their acoustic properties. The influence of production and perception
systems on sound change and phonological patterns. Acoustic analysis and experimental
techniques. Lab exercises. Prerequisite: 110 or equivalent, or consent of
instructor. GER:DB-SocSci
4 units, Win (Sumner, M)
LINGUIST 110. Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
Differences in the sounds of the world's languages and how these sounds
are made by the human vocal tract. Theories that account for cross-linguistic
similarities in the face of differences. GER:DBSocSci
4 units, Win (Sumner, M)
LINGUIST 116. Morphology
A survey of words including their structures,
pronunciations, meanings, and syntactic possibilities in a wide sampling of
languages to provide a laboratory for investigating the nature of morphology.
4 units, Spr (Potts, K)
LINGUIST 119/219. Choosing a Variant
(Graduate students register for 219.)
Assortment of cases (lexical and
morphosyntactic) where two or more English expressions serve as alternatives,
apparently differing only in stylistic value or sociolinguistic status;
explores the semantic, discourse function, syntactic, prosodic, and processing
factors that favor the choice of one variant over the other; and evaluates
claims about the stylistic values and sociolinguistic status of the variants
2-4 units, Win (Zwicky, A)
LINGUIST 120. Introduction to Syntax
Grammatical constructions, primarily English, and their consequences for
a general theory of language. Practical experience in forming and testing
linguistic hypotheses, reading, and constructing rules. GER:DB-SocSci
4 units, Aut (Wasow, T)
LINGUIST 130A. Introduction to Linguistic Meaning
Linguistic meaning and its role in communication. Topics include
ambiguity, vagueness,
presupposition, intonational meaning, and Grice's theory of conversational
implicature. Applications to
issues in politics, the law, philosophy, advertising, and natural language
processing. Those who have not
taken logic, such as PHIL 150 or 151, should also enroll in 130C. Pre- or
corequisite: 120, or consent of instructor.
4 units, Spr (Potts, C)
LINGUIST 130C. Logic Laboratory
Typically taken in conjunction with 130A/230A.
1 unit, Spr (Potts, C)
LINGUIST 140/240. Language Acquisition I
(Graduate students register for 240.)
Processes of language acquisition in early childhood; stages
in development; theoretical issues and research questions. Practical experience
in data collection. GER:DB-SocSci
4 units, Aut (Clark, E)
LINGUIST 144. Introduction to Cognitive and Information Sciences
(Same as PHIL 190, PSYCH 132, SYMBSYS 100.)
The history, foundations, and accomplishments of the cognitive
sciences, including presentations by leading Stanford researchers in artificial
intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, and psychology. Overview of the issues
addressed in the Symbolic Systems major. GER:DBSocSci
4 units, Spr (Wasow, T; McClelland, J)
LINGUIST 150. Language in Society
How language and society affect each other. Class, age,
ethnic, and gender differences in speech. Prestige and stigma associated with different
ways of speaking and the politics of language. The strategic use of language.
Stylistic practice; how speakers use language to construct styles and adapt
their language to different audiences and social contexts. GER:DB-SocSci, WIM
4 units, Win (Hodges, A)
LINGUIST 153. Language, Power and Politics
The integral role language plays
in politics; how power operates in linguistic practices and political
interaction. Critical examination
of how language is used to articulate, maintain and subvert relations of power
in society, emphasizing language in the media, the political rhetoric
associated with war, and the construction of 'truth' in politics. The role of ethnographic analysis in
aiding sociolinguistic understandings of how social actors use and
(re)interpret political language.
3-4 units, Aut (Hodges, A)
LINGUIST 154/254. Sociolinguistics of Language Contact
(Graduate students register for 254.)
The role of contact between speakers of different languages in processes
of language borrowing, convergence, and shift. Attending both to
linguistic aspects and social contexts, examine: second-language acquisition,
bilingualism, code-switching, lexical and grammatical borrowing, first language
attrition, language death, and the creation of new contact varieties such as
jargons, mixed languages, pidgins, and creoles. Prerequisite: background
in linguistics.
2-4 units, Spr (Rickford, J; Roberts, S)
LINGUIST 156. Language and Gender
The role of language in the construction of gender, the maintenance
of the gender order, and social change. Field projects explore hypotheses about
the interaction of language and gender. No knowledge of linguistics required.
GER:DB-SocSci, ECGender
4 units, Win (Roberts, S)
LINGUIST 160. Introduction to Language Change
(Same as ANTHRO 120.)
Principles of historical linguistics:, the nature of
language change. Kinds and causes of change, variation and diffusion of changes
through populations, differentiation of dialects and languages, determination
and classification of historical relationships among languages, rates of
change, the reconstruction of ancestral languages and intermediate changes, parallels
with cultural and genetic evolutionary theory, and implications of variation
and change for the description and explanation of language in general.
Prerequisite: introductory course in linguistics or evolutionary theory.
GER:DB-SocSci
4-5 units, Spr (Kiparsky, P)
LINGUIST 167. Languages of the World
The diversity of human languages, their sound systems, vocabularies,
and grammars. Tracing historical relationships between languages and language
families. Parallels with genetic evolutionary theory. Language policy,
endangered languages and heritage languages. Classification of sign languages.
GER:DBSocSci
3-4 units, Win (Pereltsvaig, A)
LINGUIST 180/280. From Languages to Information
(Graduate students register for 280. Same as CS 124.)
Automated processing of less structured information: human
language text and speech, web pages, social networks, genome sequences, with
goal of automatically extracting meaning and structure. Methods include: string
algorithms, automata and transducers, hidden Markov models, graph algorithms,
XML processing. Applications such as information retrieval, text
classification, social network models, machine translation, genomic sequence
alignment, word meaning extraction, and speech recognition.
3-4 units, Win (Jurafsky, D)
LINGUIST 181/281. Grammar Engineering
(Graduate students register for 281.)
Hands-on techniques for implementation of linguistic
grammars, drawing on grammatical theory and engineering skills. The
implementation of constraints in morphology, syntax, and semantics, working
within a unification based lexicalist framework. Focus is on developing small grammars
for English and at least one other language. Prerequisite: basic syntactic
theory or 120. No programming skills required.
1-4 units, Aut (Flickinger, D)
LINGUIST 183/283. Computational Theories of Syntax
(Graduate students register for 283.)
Salient features of modern syntactic theories, including
HPSG, LFG, and TAG, motivated by computational concerns. Impact of work within
these frameworks on the design of algorithms in computational linguistics, and
its influence in both linguistics and computer science. Topics include: notions
of unification; unification algorithms and their relation to linguistic theory;
agenda-driven chart processing for analysis and synthesis; the interface with
morphology, the lexicon, and semantics; and applications, notably machine
translation.
3-4 units, Win (Kay, M)
LINGUIST 188/288. Natural Language Understanding
(Graduate students register for 288. Same as CS 224U)
Machine understanding of human
language. Computational semantics (determination of word sense and synonymy,
event structure and thematic roles, time, aspect, causation, compositional
semantics, scopal operators), and computational pragmatics and discourse
(coherence, coreference resolution, information packaging, dialogue structure).
Theoretical issues, online resources, and relevance to applications including
question answering and summarization. Prerequisites: one of LINGUIST 180 / CS
124 / CS 224N,S: and logic such as LINGUIST 130A or B, CS 157, or PHIL150).
3-4 units, Win (Jurafsky, D; MacCartney, W)
LINGUIST 191/291. Linguistics and the Teaching of English as a Second/Foreign Language
(Graduate students register for 291.)
Methodology and techniques for teaching languages, using
concepts from linguistics and second language acquisition theory and research.
Focus is on teaching English, but most principles and techniques applicable to
any language. Optional 1-unit seminar in computer-assisted language learning.
GER:DB-SocSci
4-5 units, Win (Hubbard, P; Rylance, C)
LINGUIST 197. Undergraduate Research Seminar
Research goals and methods in linguistics and related
disciplines. Students work on a small project to define a focus for their linguistic
studies and prepare for honors research. Presentations; final paper.
2 units, Win (Potts, K)
LINGUIST 198. Honors Research
1-15 units, Win (Staff), Spr (Staff)
LINGUIST 199. Independent Study
1-15 units, Aut (Staff), Win (Staff), Spr (Staff), Sum (Staff)
LINGUIST 205B. Advanced Phonetics
Prerequisite: LINGUIST 205A.
2-4 units, Aut (Sumner, M)
LINGUIST 210A. Phonology
Introduction to phonological theory and analysis based on
crosslinguistic evidence. Topics: phonological representations including features,
syllables, metrical structure; phonological processes including assimilation
and dissimilation; and phonological typology and universals; optimality theory.
4 units, Aut (Anttila, A)
LINGUIST 211. Metrics
Principles of versification from a linguistic point of view.
Traditional and optimality-theoretic approaches. The canonical system of
English metrics, and its varieties and offshoots. The typology of metrical
systems and its linguistic basis. The ideology of normative prosodic discourse
in relation to changing poetic practice.
1-4 units, Aut (Kiparsky, P)
LINGUIST 216. Morphology
How morphology fits into the
lexicon and how the lexicon fits into grammar. Inflection and word-formation:
blocking, productivity, analogy. Morphological categories. The interaction of
morphology with phonology within the lexicon: level-ordering, prosodic
morphology. Review of English morphology and analysis of representative
material from languages with richer morphologies.
2-4 units, Spr (Anttila, A)
LINGUIST 222A. Foundations of Syntactic Theory I
The roles
of the verb and the lexicon in the determination of sentence syntax and their
treatment in modern grammatical theories.
Empirical underpinnings of core phenomena, including the
argument/adjunct distinction, argument structure and argument realization,
control and raising, operations on argument structure and grammatical function
changing rules. Motivations for a lexicalist approach rooted in principles of
lexical expression and subcategorization satisfaction. Prerequisite: 120 or
permission of instructor.
2-4 units, Aut (Levin, B)
LINGUIST 222B. Foundations of Syntactic Theory II
The nature of unbounded dependency constructions and their treatment
in modern grammatical theories. Filler-gap dependencies, island constraints,
and the relation between grammar and processing. Prerequisite: 222A.
2-4 units, Win (Wasow, T)
LINGUIST 225A. Seminar in Syntax: Ellipsis
1-2 units, Spr (Sag, I)
LINGUIST 230A. Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics
Conventional meaning and pragmatic enrichment, with special
emphasis on the foundations of semantics and pragmatics, the central problems
of the theory, the role of logic and model theory in semantic analysis, and
interconnections with other aspects of language and communication.
2-4 units, Win (Potts, C)
LINGUIST 232A. Lexical Semantics
Introduction to issues in word
meaning, focused primarily around verbs. Overview of the core semantic
properties of verbs and the organization of the verb lexicon. Approaches to
lexical semantic representation, including semantic role lists, proto-roles,
and causal and aspectual theories of event conceptualization.
2-4 units, Spr (Levin, B)
LINGUIST 232B. Seminar in Lexical Semantics: The Lexical Semantics of Nouns
Exploration
of those facets of meaning which affect the naming of entities and the
grammatical properties of nouns. Topics covered include artifacts vs. natural
kinds, the mass/count noun distinction, individuals vs. collectives, and
Roschian categorization. Readings
will provide theoretical, typological, psycholinguistic, and anthropological
perspectives. May be repeated for credit with different content.
1-4 units, Spr (Levin, B)
LINGUIST 236. Seminar in Semantics: Lexical and Constructional Pragmatics
Case studies in how reliable
pragmatic meanings arise from the interactions between conventionalized
content, speaker intentions, hearer expectations, and general pragmatic
pressures. Emphasis on corpus and psycholinguistic methods. Potential topics:
exclamatives, affective demonstratives, discourse particles, appositives,
scalar terms, negation; progression of topics to be decided largely by the
participants. May be repeated for
credit.
1-4 units, Aut (Potts, C)
LINGUIST 239. Semantics Research Seminar
Presentation of ongoing research
in semantics. May be repeated for credit.
1-2 units, Aut (Levin, B), Win (Levin, B), Spr (Levin, B)
LINGUIST 241. Language Acquisition II
Constructions and the lexicon. May be repeated for credit.
1-4 units, Spr (Clark, E)
LINGUIST 247. Seminar in Psycholinguistics: Information-Theoretic Models of Language and Cognition
(Same as PSYCH 227)
Information theory and its
relation to learning and to reference, meaning, and information encoding.
Information-theoretic models of linguistic structure at the phonological,
morphological, and syntactic levels, and the links between information theory
and information structure/clause packaging. The role of uncertainty and uniform
information density in sentence processing. May be repeated for credit.
3-4 units, Aut (Jurafsky, D; Ramscar, M)
LINGUIST 250. Sociolinguistic Theory and Analysis
Methods of modeling the patterned
variation of language in society. Emphasis is on variation, its relation to
social structure and practice, and its role in linguistic change. Intersection
between quantitative and qualitative analysis, combining insights of sociology
and linguistic anthropology with quantitative linguistic data. Prerequisite:
graduate standing in Linguistics or consent of instructor.
4 units, Aut (Rickford, J)
LINGUIST 251. Empirical Approaches to Morphosyntax
Introduction into quantitative and statistical methodology of
morphological and syntactic research. Overview of analytical
techniques developed for language research in the statistical software
package R. Theoretical discussions will be supplemented by examples
from corpus-based and experimental studies in morphosyntax as well as
by hands-on practical sessions.
2-4 units, Win (Kuperman, V)
LINGUIST 258. Analysis of Variation
The quantitative study of
linguistic variability in time, space, and society emphasizing social
constraints in variation. Hands-on work with variable data. Prerequisites:
105/205 and 250, or consent of instructor.
1-4 units, Spr (Eckert, P)
LINGUIST 278. Programming for Linguists
Computer programming techniques for collecting and analyzing
data in linguistic research. Introduction to the UNIX, regular expressions, and
Python scripting. Hands-on experience gathering, formatting, and manipulating
corpus, field, and experimental data, combining data from multiple sources, and
working with existing tools.
Knowledge of computer programming not required.
2-4 units, Aut (Potts, C)
LINGUIST 284. Natural Language Processing
(Same as CS 224N.)
Methods for processing human language information and the
underlying computational properties of natural languages. Syntactic and
semantic processing from linguistic and algorithmic perspectives. Focus is on
modern quantitative techniques in NLP: using large corpora, statistical models
for acquisition, translation, and interpretation; and representative systems.
Prerequisites: CS 121/221 or CS124/LINGUIST 180, CS103, CS109.
3-4 units, Spr (Manning, C)
LINGUIST 286. Information Retrieval and Web Search
(Same as CS 276.)
Text information retrieval systems; efficient text indexing;
Boolean, vector space, and probabilistic retrieval models; ranking and rank
aggregation; evaluating IR systems. Text clustering and classification:
classification algorithms, latent semantic indexing, taxonomy induction; Web
search engines including crawling and indexing, link-based algorithms, and web metadata.
Prerequisites: CS 107, CS 109, CS 161.
3 units, Aut (Manning, C; Raghavan, P)
LINGUIST 294. Linguistic Research Discussion Group
Restricted to first-year Linguistics Ph.D. students.
1 unit, Aut (Wasow, T)
LINGUIST 390. M.A. Project
1-3 units, Aut (Staff), Win (Staff), Spr (Staff), Sum (Staff)
LINGUIST 394. TA Training Workshop
For second-year graduate students in Linguistics
1 unit, Aut (Levin, B)
LINGUIST 395. Research Workshop
Restricted to students in the doctoral program. Student presentations
of research toward qualifying papers.
1-2 units, Spr (Wasow, T)
LINGUIST 396. Research Projects in Linguistics
Mentored research project for first-year graduate students
in linguistics.
2-3 units, Win (Staff)
LINGUIST 397. Directed Reading
1-15 units, Aut (Staff), Win (Staff), Spr (Staff), Sum (Staff)
LINGUIST 398. Directed Research
1-15 units, Aut (Staff), Win (Staff), Spr (Staff), Sum (Staff)
LINGUIST 399. Dissertation Research
1-15 units, Aut (Staff), Win (Staff), Spr (Staff), Sum (Staff)